There is a wide selection of both prescription and nonprescription topical treatments available and they work in very different ways. Some can help slow abnormal skin cell growth and reduce the inflammation and scaly patches commonly found with psoriasis.

Topical treatments

A topical medication is one used externally, which means it is applied directly to the skin rather than taken internally. It is intended to only affect the area where it is applied.

Depending on the severity of the disease, dermatologists may turn to topical treatments, or "topicals," first for the management of psoriasis. They range from over-the-counter treatments, including remedies based on coal tar, to more powerful prescription steroids. In some cases, the affected areas of the skin can become resistant to treatment over time, particularly when topical corticosteroids are used.

There is a wide selection of both prescription and nonprescription topical treatments available and they work in very different ways. Some can help slow abnormal skin cell growth and reduce the inflammation and scaly patches commonly found with psoriasis.

To enhance the absorption of a topical, your doctor may recommend occlusion—the process of covering the affected area in a closed, airtight dressing after applying the medication.

Over-the-counter topicals

You can purchase a variety of psoriasis treatments over the counter. Additionally, many over-the-counter moisturizers, bath and shower oils, and natural salt products may help lubricate dry skin and decrease redness and itching.

Prescription topicals

Some treatments are available by prescription only. A few of the more common ones are listed below.

Anthralin—Also called dithranol, anthralin comes from the bark of the Brazilian Andira tree, and has been used to treat psoriasis since the mid-1800s. Anthralin cream was once widely used, but with the advent of other treatments, it is not commonly used today. It can be messy to use and may stain unaffected skin as well as clothing.

Calcipotriene—A man-made form of vitamin D3, calcipotriene slows the rate of abnormal skin cell reproduction. Calcipotriene is available as a cream and a scalp solution.

Corticosteroids—Corticosteroids can reduce inflammation and skin cell turnover and also suppress the immune system. They can work quickly, but with long-term or inappropriate use, can cause thinning of skin, and resistance may occur.

Tazarotene—A topical retinoid, tazarotene is a man-made form of vitamin A, which can slow the growth of skin cells.

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Other important information you should know

All medicines have potential side effects and should be used cautiously and under the supervision of a healthcare professional. Common side effects associated with topicals include skin irritation, itching, and burning.